Application of PCSWMM for water distribution network design for Jal Jeevan Mission

Sri Ranga K M and Shyam Prasad

ABSTRACT

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched on August 15th 2019, is an initiative of Ministry of Jal Shakti, Union Government of India. This initiative has envisioned to provide treated, safe and adequate drinking water to all households in rural India through individual tap connections by 2024. The government has set a target of providing tap connections to more than 190 million households in a short span of 5 years. Given the tight schedule and deadlines, the government has encouraged private enterprises to come up with innovative design mechanisms for timely completion of project. Since its announcement in August 2019, JJM has provided water supply to more than 56.3 million households in short span of two and half years and with this, as on date 46 % of households in rural India have been provided with safe drinking water supply infrastructure.

It can be understood from the above that, timely preparation of detailed design for water distribution system is one of the key milestones in completion of the project. Clear Water Dynamics (CWD), one of the consulting firms for JJM in Chamarajanagara Dist. of Karnataka State, India, have used GIS enabled PCSWMM software integrated with drone survey to achieve above mentioned goal.

Drone survey was carried out over the entire boundary of the habitation. The outputs from the drone survey namely, Digital elevation Model (DEM) and orthomosaic imagery were used as inputs for building the hydraulic networks. Design works involved sizing of distribution pipelines from Overhead Tanks in a habitation to all the households along the existing roads.

Following is the methodology used for design of water distribution network:

  1. Orthomosaic imagery file of a habitation is imported into PCSWMM and road network map of the habitation is prepared using addition of new shape file tool.
  2. This road network map is provided to field survey team for collection of information on existing pipe infrastructure and households in respective roads.
  3. Parallelly, pipeline network is digitized all along the roads in the habitation and geotagged based on different road classification like concrete, asphalt etc. This is done in tag column of pipes layer in PCSWMM.
  4. Based on the information collected from site team, existing pipeline is geotagged in description column of pipes layer and remaining pipes are tagged as proposed.
  5. Additionally, each household is marked as point, in a separate point shapefile and household count in that respective road is input into tag (left side of road) and description (right of road) columns of junction layer in PCSWMM. This was then used for calculation of automated demand calculations as per mandated per capita water supply.
  6. Households point shapefile created is then used as cross check document to verify information on total number of households in habitation collected from filed survey.
  7. DEM from drone survey and elevation assignment tool from PCSWMM is used to assign elevation to all junctions at once in the model.
  8. With the water distribution model completely built, the system water designed using EPANET engine, as per guidelines of Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India.
  9. Once the modelling is complete, information such as total house count, diameters of pipe, length of proposed pipelines, existing pipelines along with their respective diameters and road classification is used as an input for preparation of estimates. T

his procedure involves elaborate mechanism involving multiple components such drone survey, field survey, preparation of village map and design of water distribution system to arrive the project estimates. With GIS enabled interface and intuitive tools in PCSWMM, we are able to put together all the information required for the design of distribution and estimates preparation into a single place which helps in faster completion of project. With the above mentioned innovative and integrated mechanism, CWD has been able to complete preparation of detailed design reports of 600 plus habitations in record time.

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